Cairo
Variables

Variables

Variables in Cairo can be aliased or evaluated. There are 4 different types of variables:

  1. let: References
    • Can be revoked
    • Can be redefined
    • Can be value references (e.g. let foo = 42)
    • Can be expression references (e.g. let bar = foo)
  2. tempvar: Temporary Variables
    • Can be revoked (because they rely on ap)
    • Can be redefined
    • Based on ap register
    • Auto-increment the ap register
  3. const: Constants
    • Cannot be revoked
    • Cannot be redefined
    • Only integers
    • Simple replacement by the Cairo compiler (not translated into a Cairo instruction)
  4. local: Local Variables
    • Cannot be revoked
    • Can be redefined
    • Based on fp register
    • Do not auto-increment the ap register

Example

# Constants can be defined at the top level to be accessible by all functions.
const meaning_of_life = 42

func main():
    # `alloc_locals` is required to use Local Variables.
    # `alloc_locals` is translated to `ap += SIZEOF_LOCALS` behind the scenes.
    alloc_locals

    # References
    let reference = 42
    let reference = 43

    # Temporary Variables
    # The following code is equivalent to:
    #   ```
    #   [ap] = 42; ap++
    #   let tmp = [ap - 1]
    #   ```
    tempvar tmp = 42
    tempvar tmp = 43

    # Constants
    const constant = 42
    # `const` variables cannot be redefined.
    # const constant = 43

    # Local Variables
    # The following code is equivalent to:
    #   ```
    #   [fp + 0] = 42
    #   [fp + 1] = 43
    #   ```
    local x = 42
    local y = 43

    local x = 43

    return ()
end
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